Roles

Who is placed in public office, business, the professions, club life, the society page or the crime column, and how that changed. Every role here is measured two ways; the methods page adds three more.

Women's share of gender-signalled people in each roleSolid: method B with 95% CI. Dashed: method A. Years with under 30 people in a role are omitted.

Table view

Role	Method	Year	Women's share	n
Authority (public office, business, professional)	B · dependency rules	1900	10.9%	790
Authority (public office, business, professional)	B · dependency rules	1903	9.9%	760
Authority (public office, business, professional)	B · dependency rules	1906	12.4%	789
Authority (public office, business, professional)	B · dependency rules	1909	10.9%	797
Authority (public office, business, professional)	B · dependency rules	1912	14.0%	791
Authority (public office, business, professional)	B · dependency rules	1915	13.8%	646
Authority (public office, business, professional)	B · dependency rules	1918	17.4%	605
Authority (public office, business, professional)	B · dependency rules	1921	22.2%	762
Authority (public office, business, professional)	B · dependency rules	1924	17.3%	735
Authority (public office, business, professional)	B · dependency rules	1927	25.9%	794
Authority (public office, business, professional)	B · dependency rules	1930	25.3%	866
Authority (public office, business, professional)	B · dependency rules	1933	28.2%	1,033
Authority (public office, business, professional)	B · dependency rules	1936	31.4%	924
Authority (public office, business, professional)	B · dependency rules	1939	32.5%	1,026
Authority (public office, business, professional)	B · dependency rules	1942	30.1%	710
Authority (public office, business, professional)	B · dependency rules	1945	29.0%	861
Authority (public office, business, professional)	B · dependency rules	1948	28.6%	1,043
Authority (public office, business, professional)	B · dependency rules	1951	29.2%	1,035
Authority (public office, business, professional)	B · dependency rules	1954	26.8%	1,059
Authority (public office, business, professional)	B · dependency rules	1957	33.2%	951
Authority (public office, business, professional)	B · dependency rules	1960	25.8%	1,180
Authority (public office, business, professional)	B · dependency rules	1963	22.0%	1,012
Authority (public office, business, professional)	A · lexical window	1900	21.3%	1,551
Authority (public office, business, professional)	A · lexical window	1903	20.9%	1,441
Authority (public office, business, professional)	A · lexical window	1906	29.1%	1,611
Authority (public office, business, professional)	A · lexical window	1909	24.9%	1,536
Authority (public office, business, professional)	A · lexical window	1912	31.9%	1,634
Authority (public office, business, professional)	A · lexical window	1915	34.0%	1,340
Authority (public office, business, professional)	A · lexical window	1918	32.4%	1,188
Authority (public office, business, professional)	A · lexical window	1921	38.1%	1,557
Authority (public office, business, professional)	A · lexical window	1924	37.3%	1,548
Authority (public office, business, professional)	A · lexical window	1927	46.1%	1,690
Authority (public office, business, professional)	A · lexical window	1930	48.5%	1,873
Authority (public office, business, professional)	A · lexical window	1933	45.8%	2,110
Authority (public office, business, professional)	A · lexical window	1936	47.9%	1,878
Authority (public office, business, professional)	A · lexical window	1939	48.4%	2,134
Authority (public office, business, professional)	A · lexical window	1942	45.5%	1,510
Authority (public office, business, professional)	A · lexical window	1945	42.6%	1,573
Authority (public office, business, professional)	A · lexical window	1948	44.7%	2,097
Authority (public office, business, professional)	A · lexical window	1951	43.9%	2,112
Authority (public office, business, professional)	A · lexical window	1954	45.6%	2,188
Authority (public office, business, professional)	A · lexical window	1957	47.9%	2,045
Authority (public office, business, professional)	A · lexical window	1960	41.1%	2,267
Authority (public office, business, professional)	A · lexical window	1963	36.3%	1,896
Public office	B · dependency rules	1900	10.1%	474
Public office	B · dependency rules	1903	8.8%	422
Public office	B · dependency rules	1906	8.8%	443
Public office	B · dependency rules	1909	9.0%	455
Public office	B · dependency rules	1912	11.2%	480
Public office	B · dependency rules	1915	8.4%	345
Public office	B · dependency rules	1918	16.4%	342
Public office	B · dependency rules	1921	18.8%	415
Public office	B · dependency rules	1924	15.6%	422
Public office	B · dependency rules	1927	24.7%	449
Public office	B · dependency rules	1930	26.6%	531
Public office	B · dependency rules	1933	28.3%	661
Public office	B · dependency rules	1936	31.5%	546
Public office	B · dependency rules	1939	36.5%	608
Public office	B · dependency rules	1942	31.2%	426
Public office	B · dependency rules	1945	29.8%	503
Public office	B · dependency rules	1948	28.3%	628
Public office	B · dependency rules	1951	28.4%	669
Public office	B · dependency rules	1954	26.4%	705
Public office	B · dependency rules	1957	35.0%	589
Public office	B · dependency rules	1960	23.5%	784
Public office	B · dependency rules	1963	19.7%	659
Public office	A · lexical window	1900	14.8%	852
Public office	A · lexical window	1903	17.3%	769
Public office	A · lexical window	1906	24.1%	870
Public office	A · lexical window	1909	20.3%	787
Public office	A · lexical window	1912	24.7%	960
Public office	A · lexical window	1915	24.8%	685
Public office	A · lexical window	1918	26.1%	641
Public office	A · lexical window	1921	30.8%	778
Public office	A · lexical window	1924	33.8%	884
Public office	A · lexical window	1927	46.6%	946
Public office	A · lexical window	1930	46.5%	1,085
Public office	A · lexical window	1933	43.2%	1,304
Public office	A · lexical window	1936	45.4%	1,038
Public office	A · lexical window	1939	47.2%	1,142
Public office	A · lexical window	1942	42.3%	843
Public office	A · lexical window	1945	39.1%	882
Public office	A · lexical window	1948	39.3%	1,150
Public office	A · lexical window	1951	38.9%	1,303
Public office	A · lexical window	1954	42.1%	1,325
Public office	A · lexical window	1957	44.6%	1,151
Public office	A · lexical window	1960	35.4%	1,419
Public office	A · lexical window	1963	33.5%	1,174
Military	B · dependency rules	1900	2.8%	247
Military	B · dependency rules	1903	9.4%	159
Military	B · dependency rules	1906	6.2%	144
Military	B · dependency rules	1909	12.7%	126
Military	B · dependency rules	1912	7.2%	152
Military	B · dependency rules	1915	6.7%	149
Military	B · dependency rules	1918	5.2%	173
Military	B · dependency rules	1921	9.7%	103
Military	B · dependency rules	1924	13.5%	133
Military	B · dependency rules	1927	21.7%	180
Military	B · dependency rules	1930	22.7%	181
Military	B · dependency rules	1933	20.8%	154
Military	B · dependency rules	1936	16.0%	119
Military	B · dependency rules	1939	16.2%	142
Military	B · dependency rules	1942	9.5%	241
Military	B · dependency rules	1945	12.8%	344
Military	B · dependency rules	1948	20.6%	180
Military	B · dependency rules	1951	8.2%	256
Military	B · dependency rules	1954	17.0%	171
Military	B · dependency rules	1957	11.6%	146
Military	B · dependency rules	1960	15.9%	113
Military	B · dependency rules	1963	13.8%	116
Military	A · lexical window	1900	12.4%	402
Military	A · lexical window	1903	23.2%	284
Military	A · lexical window	1906	29.3%	297
Military	A · lexical window	1909	37.7%	265
Military	A · lexical window	1912	32.3%	328
Military	A · lexical window	1915	35.5%	282
Military	A · lexical window	1918	28.0%	339
Military	A · lexical window	1921	36.4%	253
Military	A · lexical window	1924	45.5%	312
Military	A · lexical window	1927	51.4%	383
Military	A · lexical window	1930	52.5%	398
Military	A · lexical window	1933	51.4%	420
Military	A · lexical window	1936	49.1%	291
Military	A · lexical window	1939	43.6%	298
Military	A · lexical window	1942	34.3%	370
Military	A · lexical window	1945	38.7%	512
Military	A · lexical window	1948	53.8%	420
Military	A · lexical window	1951	35.0%	449
Military	A · lexical window	1954	55.9%	415
Military	A · lexical window	1957	46.7%	332
Military	A · lexical window	1960	45.7%	269
Military	A · lexical window	1963	45.8%	308
Business	B · dependency rules	1900	10.3%	58
Business	B · dependency rules	1903	4.2%	72
Business	B · dependency rules	1906	20.0%	75
Business	B · dependency rules	1909	12.7%	63
Business	B · dependency rules	1912	22.0%	59
Business	B · dependency rules	1915	12.3%	57
Business	B · dependency rules	1918	5.8%	52
Business	B · dependency rules	1921	18.6%	70
Business	B · dependency rules	1924	12.8%	78
Business	B · dependency rules	1927	21.9%	73
Business	B · dependency rules	1930	22.6%	93
Business	B · dependency rules	1933	25.0%	96
Business	B · dependency rules	1936	33.9%	124
Business	B · dependency rules	1939	27.7%	94
Business	B · dependency rules	1942	32.9%	73
Business	B · dependency rules	1945	32.2%	90
Business	B · dependency rules	1948	21.5%	107
Business	B · dependency rules	1951	29.9%	107
Business	B · dependency rules	1954	23.7%	93
Business	B · dependency rules	1957	27.3%	88
Business	B · dependency rules	1960	25.0%	112
Business	B · dependency rules	1963	17.9%	112
Business	A · lexical window	1900	13.6%	140
Business	A · lexical window	1903	6.0%	134
Business	A · lexical window	1906	17.8%	157
Business	A · lexical window	1909	13.4%	149
Business	A · lexical window	1912	24.8%	109
Business	A · lexical window	1915	18.7%	107
Business	A · lexical window	1918	9.3%	107
Business	A · lexical window	1921	15.3%	144
Business	A · lexical window	1924	17.6%	131
Business	A · lexical window	1927	24.3%	148
Business	A · lexical window	1930	29.7%	138
Business	A · lexical window	1933	30.0%	150
Business	A · lexical window	1936	30.1%	146
Business	A · lexical window	1939	26.8%	157
Business	A · lexical window	1942	27.6%	134
Business	A · lexical window	1945	29.5%	129
Business	A · lexical window	1948	22.7%	176
Business	A · lexical window	1951	20.6%	136
Business	A · lexical window	1954	19.7%	152
Business	A · lexical window	1957	22.9%	131
Business	A · lexical window	1960	24.2%	149
Business	A · lexical window	1963	16.3%	147
Labor	B · dependency rules	1900	12.5%	64
Labor	B · dependency rules	1903	10.0%	60
Labor	B · dependency rules	1906	24.6%	61
Labor	B · dependency rules	1909	26.7%	45
Labor	B · dependency rules	1912	28.8%	52
Labor	B · dependency rules	1915	24.4%	41
Labor	B · dependency rules	1918	30.8%	39
Labor	B · dependency rules	1921	39.5%	38
Labor	B · dependency rules	1924	31.8%	44
Labor	B · dependency rules	1927	46.7%	45
Labor	B · dependency rules	1930	31.0%	42
Labor	B · dependency rules	1933	17.3%	52
Labor	B · dependency rules	1936	40.0%	45
Labor	B · dependency rules	1939	38.3%	47
Labor	B · dependency rules	1942	54.2%	48
Labor	B · dependency rules	1945	48.6%	37
Labor	B · dependency rules	1948	53.7%	54
Labor	B · dependency rules	1951	42.6%	47
Labor	B · dependency rules	1954	35.4%	48
Labor	B · dependency rules	1960	34.7%	49
Labor	B · dependency rules	1963	30.3%	33
Labor	A · lexical window	1900	25.3%	158
Labor	A · lexical window	1903	28.0%	182
Labor	A · lexical window	1906	31.1%	180
Labor	A · lexical window	1909	35.9%	167
Labor	A · lexical window	1912	38.9%	144
Labor	A · lexical window	1915	34.1%	135
Labor	A · lexical window	1918	45.0%	140
Labor	A · lexical window	1921	41.5%	164
Labor	A · lexical window	1924	38.8%	147
Labor	A · lexical window	1927	54.3%	162
Labor	A · lexical window	1930	44.0%	175
Labor	A · lexical window	1933	40.3%	201
Labor	A · lexical window	1936	50.0%	148
Labor	A · lexical window	1939	52.4%	185
Labor	A · lexical window	1942	44.6%	168
Labor	A · lexical window	1945	51.8%	139
Labor	A · lexical window	1948	51.3%	191
Labor	A · lexical window	1951	52.1%	169
Labor	A · lexical window	1954	48.4%	155
Labor	A · lexical window	1957	43.5%	138
Labor	A · lexical window	1960	48.0%	150
Labor	A · lexical window	1963	46.7%	135
Professional & expert	B · dependency rules	1900	12.1%	264
Professional & expert	B · dependency rules	1903	13.0%	278
Professional & expert	B · dependency rules	1906	16.1%	279
Professional & expert	B · dependency rules	1909	13.5%	288
Professional & expert	B · dependency rules	1912	16.5%	266
Professional & expert	B · dependency rules	1915	20.9%	254
Professional & expert	B · dependency rules	1918	21.5%	214
Professional & expert	B · dependency rules	1921	28.3%	290
Professional & expert	B · dependency rules	1924	21.4%	248
Professional & expert	B · dependency rules	1927	29.2%	277
Professional & expert	B · dependency rules	1930	22.2%	261
Professional & expert	B · dependency rules	1933	27.6%	293
Professional & expert	B · dependency rules	1936	30.9%	269
Professional & expert	B · dependency rules	1939	25.9%	348
Professional & expert	B · dependency rules	1942	26.3%	217
Professional & expert	B · dependency rules	1945	25.9%	286
Professional & expert	B · dependency rules	1948	30.6%	324
Professional & expert	B · dependency rules	1951	29.2%	288
Professional & expert	B · dependency rules	1954	28.0%	279
Professional & expert	B · dependency rules	1957	30.7%	293
Professional & expert	B · dependency rules	1960	31.8%	308
Professional & expert	B · dependency rules	1963	28.2%	266
Professional & expert	A · lexical window	1900	29.6%	635
Professional & expert	A · lexical window	1903	26.0%	619
Professional & expert	A · lexical window	1906	35.5%	679
Professional & expert	A · lexical window	1909	31.6%	674
Professional & expert	A · lexical window	1912	40.4%	674
Professional & expert	A · lexical window	1915	44.4%	622
Professional & expert	A · lexical window	1918	42.9%	513
Professional & expert	A · lexical window	1921	48.0%	711
Professional & expert	A · lexical window	1924	44.3%	632
Professional & expert	A · lexical window	1927	48.0%	675
Professional & expert	A · lexical window	1930	53.0%	762
Professional & expert	A · lexical window	1933	50.1%	796
Professional & expert	A · lexical window	1936	53.7%	804
Professional & expert	A · lexical window	1939	50.7%	971
Professional & expert	A · lexical window	1942	50.8%	622
Professional & expert	A · lexical window	1945	48.7%	679
Professional & expert	A · lexical window	1948	53.5%	926
Professional & expert	A · lexical window	1951	51.8%	820
Professional & expert	A · lexical window	1954	53.0%	851
Professional & expert	A · lexical window	1957	54.3%	888
Professional & expert	A · lexical window	1960	49.8%	856
Professional & expert	A · lexical window	1963	42.6%	702
Arts & sports	B · dependency rules	1900	36.7%	30
Arts & sports	B · dependency rules	1903	40.0%	45
Arts & sports	B · dependency rules	1906	47.1%	34
Arts & sports	B · dependency rules	1909	22.7%	44
Arts & sports	B · dependency rules	1912	47.2%	36
Arts & sports	B · dependency rules	1915	32.4%	34
Arts & sports	B · dependency rules	1918	56.7%	30
Arts & sports	B · dependency rules	1921	40.8%	49
Arts & sports	B · dependency rules	1924	34.2%	73
Arts & sports	B · dependency rules	1927	32.9%	79
Arts & sports	B · dependency rules	1930	28.7%	80
Arts & sports	B · dependency rules	1933	43.5%	108
Arts & sports	B · dependency rules	1936	31.5%	108
Arts & sports	B · dependency rules	1939	28.1%	89
Arts & sports	B · dependency rules	1942	30.7%	88
Arts & sports	B · dependency rules	1945	24.7%	73
Arts & sports	B · dependency rules	1948	32.9%	70
Arts & sports	B · dependency rules	1951	28.6%	105
Arts & sports	B · dependency rules	1954	21.6%	102
Arts & sports	B · dependency rules	1957	37.3%	83
Arts & sports	B · dependency rules	1960	31.7%	63
Arts & sports	B · dependency rules	1963	20.2%	89
Arts & sports	A · lexical window	1900	35.9%	103
Arts & sports	A · lexical window	1903	39.3%	117
Arts & sports	A · lexical window	1906	43.1%	116
Arts & sports	A · lexical window	1909	25.6%	125
Arts & sports	A · lexical window	1912	46.2%	117
Arts & sports	A · lexical window	1915	39.0%	105
Arts & sports	A · lexical window	1918	57.6%	85
Arts & sports	A · lexical window	1921	42.9%	140
Arts & sports	A · lexical window	1924	40.2%	179
Arts & sports	A · lexical window	1927	45.5%	233
Arts & sports	A · lexical window	1930	36.4%	184
Arts & sports	A · lexical window	1933	44.9%	247
Arts & sports	A · lexical window	1936	36.4%	283
Arts & sports	A · lexical window	1939	42.5%	252
Arts & sports	A · lexical window	1942	39.0%	182
Arts & sports	A · lexical window	1945	31.8%	173
Arts & sports	A · lexical window	1948	35.6%	188
Arts & sports	A · lexical window	1951	35.8%	254
Arts & sports	A · lexical window	1954	30.7%	218
Arts & sports	A · lexical window	1957	36.7%	196
Arts & sports	A · lexical window	1960	40.2%	184
Arts & sports	A · lexical window	1963	25.1%	211
Civic organisations	B · dependency rules	1900	24.0%	75
Civic organisations	B · dependency rules	1903	24.6%	57
Civic organisations	B · dependency rules	1906	32.2%	59
Civic organisations	B · dependency rules	1909	40.4%	47
Civic organisations	B · dependency rules	1912	38.3%	81
Civic organisations	B · dependency rules	1915	44.8%	67
Civic organisations	B · dependency rules	1918	46.9%	98
Civic organisations	B · dependency rules	1921	56.7%	120
Civic organisations	B · dependency rules	1924	67.2%	128
Civic organisations	B · dependency rules	1927	75.3%	146
Civic organisations	B · dependency rules	1930	70.4%	196
Civic organisations	B · dependency rules	1933	71.6%	278
Civic organisations	B · dependency rules	1936	65.7%	178
Civic organisations	B · dependency rules	1939	68.2%	223
Civic organisations	B · dependency rules	1942	69.9%	183
Civic organisations	B · dependency rules	1945	58.3%	199
Civic organisations	B · dependency rules	1948	61.4%	228
Civic organisations	B · dependency rules	1951	61.2%	258
Civic organisations	B · dependency rules	1954	68.9%	244
Civic organisations	B · dependency rules	1957	71.8%	202
Civic organisations	B · dependency rules	1960	69.4%	232
Civic organisations	B · dependency rules	1963	54.4%	169
Civic organisations	A · lexical window	1900	24.4%	217
Civic organisations	A · lexical window	1903	26.1%	176
Civic organisations	A · lexical window	1906	31.6%	193
Civic organisations	A · lexical window	1909	40.4%	213
Civic organisations	A · lexical window	1912	39.0%	241
Civic organisations	A · lexical window	1915	53.3%	214
Civic organisations	A · lexical window	1918	43.9%	294
Civic organisations	A · lexical window	1921	57.9%	273
Civic organisations	A · lexical window	1924	56.0%	318
Civic organisations	A · lexical window	1927	69.5%	397
Civic organisations	A · lexical window	1930	64.6%	435
Civic organisations	A · lexical window	1933	69.5%	580
Civic organisations	A · lexical window	1936	62.6%	468
Civic organisations	A · lexical window	1939	70.3%	610
Civic organisations	A · lexical window	1942	63.4%	487
Civic organisations	A · lexical window	1945	60.6%	513
Civic organisations	A · lexical window	1948	61.3%	581
Civic organisations	A · lexical window	1951	62.4%	607
Civic organisations	A · lexical window	1954	67.8%	677
Civic organisations	A · lexical window	1957	64.5%	631
Civic organisations	A · lexical window	1960	60.6%	710
Civic organisations	A · lexical window	1963	53.5%	490
Society pages	B · dependency rules	1900	78.6%	70
Society pages	B · dependency rules	1903	79.7%	59
Society pages	B · dependency rules	1906	88.6%	88
Society pages	B · dependency rules	1909	87.8%	107
Society pages	B · dependency rules	1912	87.6%	129
Society pages	B · dependency rules	1915	92.0%	138
Society pages	B · dependency rules	1918	88.8%	98
Society pages	B · dependency rules	1921	85.6%	180
Society pages	B · dependency rules	1924	93.4%	137
Society pages	B · dependency rules	1927	90.6%	149
Society pages	B · dependency rules	1930	88.0%	234
Society pages	B · dependency rules	1933	87.2%	219
Society pages	B · dependency rules	1936	89.8%	206
Society pages	B · dependency rules	1939	89.0%	236
Society pages	B · dependency rules	1942	87.3%	158
Society pages	B · dependency rules	1945	86.8%	114
Society pages	B · dependency rules	1948	87.8%	245
Society pages	B · dependency rules	1951	88.9%	217
Society pages	B · dependency rules	1954	89.3%	177
Society pages	B · dependency rules	1957	91.4%	232
Society pages	B · dependency rules	1960	89.0%	191
Society pages	B · dependency rules	1963	90.3%	145
Society pages	A · lexical window	1900	80.7%	254
Society pages	A · lexical window	1903	80.6%	253
Society pages	A · lexical window	1906	89.4%	388
Society pages	A · lexical window	1909	88.1%	421
Society pages	A · lexical window	1912	85.9%	490
Society pages	A · lexical window	1915	91.0%	501
Society pages	A · lexical window	1918	93.0%	385
Society pages	A · lexical window	1921	88.5%	651
Society pages	A · lexical window	1924	94.4%	540
Society pages	A · lexical window	1927	90.5%	609
Society pages	A · lexical window	1930	91.7%	863
Society pages	A · lexical window	1933	88.8%	873
Society pages	A · lexical window	1936	91.0%	829
Society pages	A · lexical window	1939	90.8%	976
Society pages	A · lexical window	1942	90.4%	707
Society pages	A · lexical window	1945	88.1%	454
Society pages	A · lexical window	1948	87.4%	1,033
Society pages	A · lexical window	1951	91.0%	951
Society pages	A · lexical window	1954	92.7%	915
Society pages	A · lexical window	1957	94.1%	1,167
Society pages	A · lexical window	1960	90.6%	827
Society pages	A · lexical window	1963	92.6%	701
Family (kin-identified)	B · dependency rules	1900	70.8%	312
Family (kin-identified)	B · dependency rules	1903	64.7%	329
Family (kin-identified)	B · dependency rules	1906	78.8%	411
Family (kin-identified)	B · dependency rules	1909	76.5%	366
Family (kin-identified)	B · dependency rules	1912	78.6%	453
Family (kin-identified)	B · dependency rules	1915	78.3%	374
Family (kin-identified)	B · dependency rules	1918	78.3%	471
Family (kin-identified)	B · dependency rules	1921	80.4%	552
Family (kin-identified)	B · dependency rules	1924	82.2%	411
Family (kin-identified)	B · dependency rules	1927	80.7%	533
Family (kin-identified)	B · dependency rules	1930	84.6%	577
Family (kin-identified)	B · dependency rules	1933	79.2%	611
Family (kin-identified)	B · dependency rules	1936	80.7%	623
Family (kin-identified)	B · dependency rules	1939	79.7%	681
Family (kin-identified)	B · dependency rules	1942	75.2%	557
Family (kin-identified)	B · dependency rules	1945	83.6%	591
Family (kin-identified)	B · dependency rules	1948	75.4%	759
Family (kin-identified)	B · dependency rules	1951	75.9%	655
Family (kin-identified)	B · dependency rules	1954	75.6%	540
Family (kin-identified)	B · dependency rules	1957	76.4%	607
Family (kin-identified)	B · dependency rules	1960	76.9%	795
Family (kin-identified)	B · dependency rules	1963	78.2%	666
Family (kin-identified)	A · lexical window	1900	65.8%	1,103
Family (kin-identified)	A · lexical window	1903	64.2%	1,131
Family (kin-identified)	A · lexical window	1906	73.2%	1,398
Family (kin-identified)	A · lexical window	1909	76.3%	1,364
Family (kin-identified)	A · lexical window	1912	77.1%	1,593
Family (kin-identified)	A · lexical window	1915	79.1%	1,424
Family (kin-identified)	A · lexical window	1918	79.2%	1,638
Family (kin-identified)	A · lexical window	1921	79.2%	2,188
Family (kin-identified)	A · lexical window	1924	82.7%	1,692
Family (kin-identified)	A · lexical window	1927	82.7%	1,912
Family (kin-identified)	A · lexical window	1930	82.8%	2,146
Family (kin-identified)	A · lexical window	1933	81.4%	2,168
Family (kin-identified)	A · lexical window	1936	85.3%	2,551
Family (kin-identified)	A · lexical window	1939	83.6%	2,679
Family (kin-identified)	A · lexical window	1942	83.5%	2,448
Family (kin-identified)	A · lexical window	1945	86.2%	2,276
Family (kin-identified)	A · lexical window	1948	82.5%	3,160
Family (kin-identified)	A · lexical window	1951	84.1%	2,879
Family (kin-identified)	A · lexical window	1954	84.6%	2,509
Family (kin-identified)	A · lexical window	1957	85.3%	3,072
Family (kin-identified)	A · lexical window	1960	84.2%	3,403
Family (kin-identified)	A · lexical window	1963	83.8%	2,909
Crime & accident	B · dependency rules	1900	15.8%	95
Crime & accident	B · dependency rules	1903	20.9%	110
Crime & accident	B · dependency rules	1906	30.0%	100
Crime & accident	B · dependency rules	1909	25.6%	90
Crime & accident	B · dependency rules	1912	14.2%	106
Crime & accident	B · dependency rules	1915	17.4%	86
Crime & accident	B · dependency rules	1918	35.7%	56
Crime & accident	B · dependency rules	1921	27.4%	84
Crime & accident	B · dependency rules	1924	22.4%	67
Crime & accident	B · dependency rules	1927	30.3%	89
Crime & accident	B · dependency rules	1930	37.1%	89
Crime & accident	B · dependency rules	1933	34.8%	92
Crime & accident	B · dependency rules	1936	38.8%	67
Crime & accident	B · dependency rules	1939	17.4%	69
Crime & accident	B · dependency rules	1942	25.4%	59
Crime & accident	B · dependency rules	1945	13.9%	72
Crime & accident	B · dependency rules	1948	21.1%	76
Crime & accident	B · dependency rules	1951	28.2%	71
Crime & accident	B · dependency rules	1954	29.1%	55
Crime & accident	B · dependency rules	1957	22.6%	53
Crime & accident	B · dependency rules	1960	9.8%	61
Crime & accident	B · dependency rules	1963	24.7%	73
Crime & accident	A · lexical window	1900	26.9%	52
Crime & accident	A · lexical window	1903	21.3%	47
Crime & accident	A · lexical window	1906	22.5%	40
Crime & accident	A · lexical window	1909	17.5%	40
Crime & accident	A · lexical window	1912	22.0%	50
Crime & accident	A · lexical window	1915	15.8%	38
Crime & accident	A · lexical window	1921	24.5%	49
Crime & accident	A · lexical window	1927	38.1%	42
Crime & accident	A · lexical window	1930	43.1%	58
Crime & accident	A · lexical window	1933	33.3%	51
Crime & accident	A · lexical window	1936	35.7%	42
Crime & accident	A · lexical window	1939	27.3%	44
Crime & accident	A · lexical window	1945	26.8%	41
Crime & accident	A · lexical window	1948	20.8%	48
Crime & accident	A · lexical window	1951	27.3%	44
Crime & accident	A · lexical window	1954	37.8%	37
Crime & accident	A · lexical window	1960	34.2%	38

AmericanStories (Dell et al. 2023, CC-BY-4.0), built on Chronicling America (Library of Congress). 10,000 sampled articles per year, 22 years.

Share of women, and of men, placed in each role (method B)Read across a panel: how much more often one gender is placed in the role. Y-axes are shared.

Table view

Role	Gender	Year	Share placed in role
Authority (public office, business, professional)	women	1900	1.9%
Authority (public office, business, professional)	women	1903	1.6%
Authority (public office, business, professional)	women	1906	1.9%
Authority (public office, business, professional)	women	1909	1.6%
Authority (public office, business, professional)	women	1912	1.8%
Authority (public office, business, professional)	women	1915	1.3%
Authority (public office, business, professional)	women	1918	1.7%
Authority (public office, business, professional)	women	1921	2.1%
Authority (public office, business, professional)	women	1924	1.8%
Authority (public office, business, professional)	women	1927	2.4%
Authority (public office, business, professional)	women	1930	2.5%
Authority (public office, business, professional)	women	1933	3.2%
Authority (public office, business, professional)	women	1936	3.1%
Authority (public office, business, professional)	women	1939	3.2%
Authority (public office, business, professional)	women	1942	2.7%
Authority (public office, business, professional)	women	1945	3.4%
Authority (public office, business, professional)	women	1948	3.2%
Authority (public office, business, professional)	women	1951	3.1%
Authority (public office, business, professional)	women	1954	3.0%
Authority (public office, business, professional)	women	1957	2.9%
Authority (public office, business, professional)	women	1960	2.8%
Authority (public office, business, professional)	women	1963	2.8%
Authority (public office, business, professional)	men	1900	12.3%
Authority (public office, business, professional)	men	1903	13.4%
Authority (public office, business, professional)	men	1906	14.1%
Authority (public office, business, professional)	men	1909	14.2%
Authority (public office, business, professional)	men	1912	14.6%
Authority (public office, business, professional)	men	1915	13.5%
Authority (public office, business, professional)	men	1918	13.3%
Authority (public office, business, professional)	men	1921	13.2%
Authority (public office, business, professional)	men	1924	14.8%
Authority (public office, business, professional)	men	1927	14.5%
Authority (public office, business, professional)	men	1930	16.7%
Authority (public office, business, professional)	men	1933	16.8%
Authority (public office, business, professional)	men	1936	14.3%
Authority (public office, business, professional)	men	1939	15.6%
Authority (public office, business, professional)	men	1942	12.9%
Authority (public office, business, professional)	men	1945	15.7%
Authority (public office, business, professional)	men	1948	15.7%
Authority (public office, business, professional)	men	1951	15.7%
Authority (public office, business, professional)	men	1954	18.0%
Authority (public office, business, professional)	men	1957	14.7%
Authority (public office, business, professional)	men	1960	19.0%
Authority (public office, business, professional)	men	1963	18.3%
Public office	women	1900	1.1%
Public office	women	1903	0.8%
Public office	women	1906	0.8%
Public office	women	1909	0.8%
Public office	women	1912	0.9%
Public office	women	1915	0.4%
Public office	women	1918	0.9%
Public office	women	1921	1.0%
Public office	women	1924	0.9%
Public office	women	1927	1.3%
Public office	women	1930	1.6%
Public office	women	1933	2.0%
Public office	women	1936	1.8%
Public office	women	1939	2.1%
Public office	women	1942	1.7%
Public office	women	1945	2.1%
Public office	women	1948	1.9%
Public office	women	1951	2.0%
Public office	women	1954	2.0%
Public office	women	1957	1.9%
Public office	women	1960	1.7%
Public office	women	1963	1.6%
Public office	men	1900	7.5%
Public office	men	1903	7.5%
Public office	men	1906	8.2%
Public office	men	1909	8.3%
Public office	men	1912	9.1%
Public office	men	1915	7.7%
Public office	men	1918	7.6%
Public office	men	1921	7.5%
Public office	men	1924	8.7%
Public office	men	1927	8.3%
Public office	men	1930	10.1%
Public office	men	1933	10.7%
Public office	men	1936	8.4%
Public office	men	1939	8.7%
Public office	men	1942	7.6%
Public office	men	1945	9.1%
Public office	men	1948	9.5%
Public office	men	1951	10.3%
Public office	men	1954	12.0%
Public office	men	1957	8.8%
Public office	men	1960	13.0%
Public office	men	1963	12.3%
Military	women	1900	0.2%
Military	women	1903	0.3%
Military	women	1906	0.2%
Military	women	1909	0.3%
Military	women	1912	0.2%
Military	women	1915	0.2%
Military	women	1918	0.1%
Military	women	1921	0.1%
Military	women	1924	0.3%
Military	women	1927	0.5%
Military	women	1930	0.5%
Military	women	1933	0.3%
Military	women	1936	0.2%
Military	women	1939	0.2%
Military	women	1942	0.3%
Military	women	1945	0.6%
Military	women	1948	0.4%
Military	women	1951	0.2%
Military	women	1954	0.3%
Military	women	1957	0.2%
Military	women	1960	0.2%
Military	women	1963	0.2%
Military	men	1900	4.2%
Military	men	1903	2.8%
Military	men	1906	2.7%
Military	men	1909	2.2%
Military	men	1912	3.0%
Military	men	1915	3.4%
Military	men	1918	4.4%
Military	men	1921	2.1%
Military	men	1924	2.8%
Military	men	1927	3.5%
Military	men	1930	3.6%
Military	men	1933	2.8%
Military	men	1936	2.3%
Military	men	1939	2.7%
Military	men	1942	5.7%
Military	men	1945	7.7%
Military	men	1948	3.0%
Military	men	1951	5.0%
Military	men	1954	3.3%
Military	men	1957	3.0%
Military	men	1960	2.1%
Military	men	1963	2.3%
Business	women	1900	0.1%
Business	women	1903	0.1%
Business	women	1906	0.3%
Business	women	1909	0.1%
Business	women	1912	0.2%
Business	women	1915	0.1%
Business	women	1918	0.0%
Business	women	1921	0.2%
Business	women	1924	0.1%
Business	women	1927	0.2%
Business	women	1930	0.2%
Business	women	1933	0.3%
Business	women	1936	0.4%
Business	women	1939	0.2%
Business	women	1942	0.3%
Business	women	1945	0.4%
Business	women	1948	0.2%
Business	women	1951	0.3%
Business	women	1954	0.2%
Business	women	1957	0.2%
Business	women	1960	0.3%
Business	women	1963	0.2%
Business	men	1900	0.9%
Business	men	1903	1.3%
Business	men	1906	1.2%
Business	men	1909	1.1%
Business	men	1912	1.0%
Business	men	1915	1.2%
Business	men	1918	1.3%
Business	men	1921	1.3%
Business	men	1924	1.7%
Business	men	1927	1.4%
Business	men	1930	1.9%
Business	men	1933	1.6%
Business	men	1936	1.8%
Business	men	1939	1.5%
Business	men	1942	1.3%
Business	men	1945	1.6%
Business	men	1948	1.8%
Business	men	1951	1.6%
Business	men	1954	1.6%
Business	men	1957	1.5%
Business	men	1960	1.8%
Business	men	1963	2.1%
Labor	women	1900	0.2%
Labor	women	1903	0.1%
Labor	women	1906	0.3%
Labor	women	1909	0.2%
Labor	women	1912	0.2%
Labor	women	1915	0.2%
Labor	women	1918	0.2%
Labor	women	1921	0.2%
Labor	women	1924	0.2%
Labor	women	1927	0.2%
Labor	women	1930	0.1%
Labor	women	1933	0.1%
Labor	women	1936	0.2%
Labor	women	1939	0.2%
Labor	women	1942	0.3%
Labor	women	1945	0.2%
Labor	women	1948	0.3%
Labor	women	1951	0.2%
Labor	women	1954	0.2%
Labor	women	1957	0.1%
Labor	women	1960	0.2%
Labor	women	1963	0.1%
Labor	men	1900	1.0%
Labor	men	1903	1.1%
Labor	men	1906	0.9%
Labor	men	1909	0.7%
Labor	men	1912	0.8%
Labor	men	1915	0.8%
Labor	men	1918	0.7%
Labor	men	1921	0.5%
Labor	men	1924	0.7%
Labor	men	1927	0.6%
Labor	men	1930	0.7%
Labor	men	1933	1.0%
Labor	men	1936	0.6%
Labor	men	1939	0.7%
Labor	men	1942	0.6%
Labor	men	1945	0.5%
Labor	men	1948	0.5%
Labor	men	1951	0.6%
Labor	men	1954	0.7%
Labor	men	1957	0.3%
Labor	men	1960	0.7%
Labor	men	1963	0.5%
Professional & expert	women	1900	0.7%
Professional & expert	women	1903	0.8%
Professional & expert	women	1906	0.9%
Professional & expert	women	1909	0.7%
Professional & expert	women	1912	0.7%
Professional & expert	women	1915	0.8%
Professional & expert	women	1918	0.8%
Professional & expert	women	1921	1.0%
Professional & expert	women	1924	0.7%
Professional & expert	women	1927	0.9%
Professional & expert	women	1930	0.7%
Professional & expert	women	1933	0.9%
Professional & expert	women	1936	0.9%
Professional & expert	women	1939	0.9%
Professional & expert	women	1942	0.7%
Professional & expert	women	1945	1.0%
Professional & expert	women	1948	1.1%
Professional & expert	women	1951	0.9%
Professional & expert	women	1954	0.8%
Professional & expert	women	1957	0.8%
Professional & expert	women	1960	0.9%
Professional & expert	women	1963	0.9%
Professional & expert	men	1900	4.1%
Professional & expert	men	1903	4.7%
Professional & expert	men	1906	4.8%
Professional & expert	men	1909	5.0%
Professional & expert	men	1912	4.8%
Professional & expert	men	1915	4.9%
Professional & expert	men	1918	4.5%
Professional & expert	men	1921	4.6%
Professional & expert	men	1924	4.7%
Professional & expert	men	1927	4.8%
Professional & expert	men	1930	5.2%
Professional & expert	men	1933	4.8%
Professional & expert	men	1936	4.2%
Professional & expert	men	1939	5.8%
Professional & expert	men	1942	4.2%
Professional & expert	men	1945	5.4%
Professional & expert	men	1948	4.7%
Professional & expert	men	1951	4.4%
Professional & expert	men	1954	4.7%
Professional & expert	men	1957	4.7%
Professional & expert	men	1960	4.6%
Professional & expert	men	1963	4.4%
Arts & sports	women	1900	0.2%
Arts & sports	women	1903	0.4%
Arts & sports	women	1906	0.3%
Arts & sports	women	1909	0.2%
Arts & sports	women	1912	0.3%
Arts & sports	women	1915	0.2%
Arts & sports	women	1918	0.3%
Arts & sports	women	1921	0.2%
Arts & sports	women	1924	0.4%
Arts & sports	women	1927	0.3%
Arts & sports	women	1930	0.3%
Arts & sports	women	1933	0.5%
Arts & sports	women	1936	0.4%
Arts & sports	women	1939	0.2%
Arts & sports	women	1942	0.3%
Arts & sports	women	1945	0.2%
Arts & sports	women	1948	0.2%
Arts & sports	women	1951	0.3%
Arts & sports	women	1954	0.2%
Arts & sports	women	1957	0.3%
Arts & sports	women	1960	0.2%
Arts & sports	women	1963	0.2%
Arts & sports	men	1900	0.3%
Arts & sports	men	1903	0.5%
Arts & sports	men	1906	0.4%
Arts & sports	men	1909	0.7%
Arts & sports	men	1912	0.4%
Arts & sports	men	1915	0.6%
Arts & sports	men	1918	0.3%
Arts & sports	men	1921	0.6%
Arts & sports	men	1924	1.2%
Arts & sports	men	1927	1.3%
Arts & sports	men	1930	1.5%
Arts & sports	men	1933	1.4%
Arts & sports	men	1936	1.7%
Arts & sports	men	1939	1.4%
Arts & sports	men	1942	1.6%
Arts & sports	men	1945	1.4%
Arts & sports	men	1948	1.0%
Arts & sports	men	1951	1.6%
Arts & sports	men	1954	1.9%
Arts & sports	men	1957	1.2%
Arts & sports	men	1960	0.9%
Arts & sports	men	1963	1.6%
Civic organisations	women	1900	0.4%
Civic organisations	women	1903	0.3%
Civic organisations	women	1906	0.4%
Civic organisations	women	1909	0.4%
Civic organisations	women	1912	0.5%
Civic organisations	women	1915	0.5%
Civic organisations	women	1918	0.8%
Civic organisations	women	1921	0.8%
Civic organisations	women	1924	1.2%
Civic organisations	women	1927	1.3%
Civic organisations	women	1930	1.6%
Civic organisations	women	1933	2.2%
Civic organisations	women	1936	1.2%
Civic organisations	women	1939	1.4%
Civic organisations	women	1942	1.6%
Civic organisations	women	1945	1.6%
Civic organisations	women	1948	1.5%
Civic organisations	women	1951	1.6%
Civic organisations	women	1954	1.8%
Civic organisations	women	1957	1.3%
Civic organisations	women	1960	1.5%
Civic organisations	women	1963	1.1%
Civic organisations	men	1900	1.0%
Civic organisations	men	1903	0.8%
Civic organisations	men	1906	0.8%
Civic organisations	men	1909	0.6%
Civic organisations	men	1912	1.1%
Civic organisations	men	1915	0.9%
Civic organisations	men	1918	1.4%
Civic organisations	men	1921	1.2%
Civic organisations	men	1924	1.0%
Civic organisations	men	1927	0.9%
Civic organisations	men	1930	1.5%
Civic organisations	men	1933	1.8%
Civic organisations	men	1936	1.4%
Civic organisations	men	1939	1.6%
Civic organisations	men	1942	1.4%
Civic organisations	men	1945	2.1%
Civic organisations	men	1948	1.9%
Civic organisations	men	1951	2.1%
Civic organisations	men	1954	1.8%
Civic organisations	men	1957	1.3%
Civic organisations	men	1960	1.5%
Civic organisations	men	1963	1.8%
Society pages	women	1900	1.2%
Society pages	women	1903	1.0%
Society pages	women	1906	1.5%
Society pages	women	1909	1.7%
Society pages	women	1912	1.8%
Society pages	women	1915	1.9%
Society pages	women	1918	1.4%
Society pages	women	1921	1.9%
Society pages	women	1924	1.8%
Society pages	women	1927	1.6%
Society pages	women	1930	2.3%
Society pages	women	1933	2.1%
Society pages	women	1936	2.0%
Society pages	women	1939	2.0%
Society pages	women	1942	1.7%
Society pages	women	1945	1.4%
Society pages	women	1948	2.3%
Society pages	women	1951	2.0%
Society pages	women	1954	1.7%
Society pages	women	1957	1.9%
Society pages	women	1960	1.6%
Society pages	women	1963	1.6%
Society pages	men	1900	0.3%
Society pages	men	1903	0.2%
Society pages	men	1906	0.2%
Society pages	men	1909	0.3%
Society pages	men	1912	0.3%
Society pages	men	1915	0.3%
Society pages	men	1918	0.3%
Society pages	men	1921	0.6%
Society pages	men	1924	0.2%
Society pages	men	1927	0.3%
Society pages	men	1930	0.7%
Society pages	men	1933	0.6%
Society pages	men	1936	0.5%
Society pages	men	1939	0.6%
Society pages	men	1942	0.5%
Society pages	men	1945	0.4%
Society pages	men	1948	0.6%
Society pages	men	1951	0.5%
Society pages	men	1954	0.4%
Society pages	men	1957	0.5%
Society pages	men	1960	0.5%
Society pages	men	1963	0.3%
Family (kin-identified)	women	1900	4.9%
Family (kin-identified)	women	1903	4.6%
Family (kin-identified)	women	1906	6.3%
Family (kin-identified)	women	1909	5.2%
Family (kin-identified)	women	1912	5.7%
Family (kin-identified)	women	1915	4.4%
Family (kin-identified)	women	1918	6.0%
Family (kin-identified)	women	1921	5.4%
Family (kin-identified)	women	1924	4.7%
Family (kin-identified)	women	1927	5.0%
Family (kin-identified)	women	1930	5.5%
Family (kin-identified)	women	1933	5.3%
Family (kin-identified)	women	1936	5.3%
Family (kin-identified)	women	1939	5.1%
Family (kin-identified)	women	1942	5.3%
Family (kin-identified)	women	1945	6.8%
Family (kin-identified)	women	1948	6.1%
Family (kin-identified)	women	1951	5.2%
Family (kin-identified)	women	1954	4.3%
Family (kin-identified)	women	1957	4.3%
Family (kin-identified)	women	1960	5.6%
Family (kin-identified)	women	1963	6.5%
Family (kin-identified)	men	1900	1.6%
Family (kin-identified)	men	1903	2.3%
Family (kin-identified)	men	1906	1.8%
Family (kin-identified)	men	1909	1.7%
Family (kin-identified)	men	1912	2.1%
Family (kin-identified)	men	1915	2.0%
Family (kin-identified)	men	1918	2.7%
Family (kin-identified)	men	1921	2.4%
Family (kin-identified)	men	1924	1.8%
Family (kin-identified)	men	1927	2.5%
Family (kin-identified)	men	1930	2.3%
Family (kin-identified)	men	1933	2.9%
Family (kin-identified)	men	1936	2.7%
Family (kin-identified)	men	1939	3.1%
Family (kin-identified)	men	1942	3.6%
Family (kin-identified)	men	1945	2.5%
Family (kin-identified)	men	1948	3.9%
Family (kin-identified)	men	1951	3.4%
Family (kin-identified)	men	1954	3.1%
Family (kin-identified)	men	1957	3.3%
Family (kin-identified)	men	1960	4.0%
Family (kin-identified)	men	1963	3.4%
Crime & accident	women	1900	0.3%
Crime & accident	women	1903	0.5%
Crime & accident	women	1906	0.6%
Crime & accident	women	1909	0.4%
Crime & accident	women	1912	0.2%
Crime & accident	women	1915	0.2%
Crime & accident	women	1918	0.3%
Crime & accident	women	1921	0.3%
Crime & accident	women	1924	0.2%
Crime & accident	women	1927	0.3%
Crime & accident	women	1930	0.4%
Crime & accident	women	1933	0.3%
Crime & accident	women	1936	0.3%
Crime & accident	women	1939	0.1%
Crime & accident	women	1942	0.2%
Crime & accident	women	1945	0.1%
Crime & accident	women	1948	0.2%
Crime & accident	women	1951	0.2%
Crime & accident	women	1954	0.2%
Crime & accident	women	1957	0.1%
Crime & accident	women	1960	0.1%
Crime & accident	women	1963	0.2%
Crime & accident	men	1900	1.4%
Crime & accident	men	1903	1.7%
Crime & accident	men	1906	1.4%
Crime & accident	men	1909	1.3%
Crime & accident	men	1912	2.0%
Crime & accident	men	1915	1.7%
Crime & accident	men	1918	1.0%
Crime & accident	men	1921	1.4%
Crime & accident	men	1924	1.3%
Crime & accident	men	1927	1.5%
Crime & accident	men	1930	1.4%
Crime & accident	men	1933	1.4%
Crime & accident	men	1936	0.9%
Crime & accident	men	1939	1.3%
Crime & accident	men	1942	1.1%
Crime & accident	men	1945	1.6%
Crime & accident	men	1948	1.3%
Crime & accident	men	1951	1.1%
Crime & accident	men	1954	0.9%
Crime & accident	men	1957	0.9%
Crime & accident	men	1960	1.2%
Crime & accident	men	1963	1.3%

AmericanStories (Dell et al. 2023, CC-BY-4.0), built on Chronicling America (Library of Congress). 10,000 sampled articles per year, 22 years.

Trends by role

Role	Method	Slope (pp/decade)	95% CI	1900–21	1948–63	People
Authority (public office, business, professional)	B	+3.08	95% CI +1.53 to +4.63	13.8%	27.5%	19,169
Authority (public office, business, professional)	A	+3.17	95% CI +1.03 to +5.31	29.0%	43.3%	38,779
Public office	B	+3.29	95% CI +1.31 to +5.28	11.3%	26.6%	11,556
Public office	A	+3.34	95% CI +0.94 to +5.74	22.8%	38.9%	21,988
Military	B	+1.40	95% CI +0.39 to +2.40	6.9%	14.1%	3,729
Military	A	+3.85	95% CI +1.52 to +6.17	28.4%	47.1%	7,627
Business	B	+2.48	95% CI +0.70 to +4.27	13.4%	24.1%	1,846
Business	A	+1.66	95% CI +0.06 to +3.26	14.7%	21.1%	3,071
Labor	B	+4.40	95% CI +1.57 to +7.24	23.2%	41.2%	1,020
Labor	A	+3.38	95% CI +1.67 to +5.10	34.6%	48.6%	3,533
Professional & expert	B	+2.81	95% CI +1.96 to +3.67	17.7%	29.8%	6,090
Professional & expert	A	+3.19	95% CI +1.19 to +5.20	37.3%	51.1%	16,111
Arts & sports	B	−2.48	95% CI −3.68 to −1.28	39.7%	28.1%	1,512
Arts & sports	A	−1.48	95% CI −2.98 to +0.02	40.6%	33.9%	3,892
Civic organisations	B	+4.22	95% CI +0.16 to +8.28	40.6%	64.8%	3,468
Civic organisations	A	+4.01	95% CI +0.36 to +7.66	40.7%	62.0%	9,325
Society pages	B	+0.55	95% CI −0.19 to +1.29	86.9%	89.4%	3,529
Society pages	A	+0.82	95% CI +0.14 to +1.50	87.9%	91.4%	14,788
Family (kin-identified)	B	+0.14	95% CI −1.08 to +1.36	76.5%	76.4%	11,874
Family (kin-identified)	A	+2.05	95% CI +0.84 to +3.26	75.2%	84.1%	47,643
Crime & accident	B	+0.16	95% CI −1.50 to +1.82	22.6%	22.6%	1,720
Crime & accident	A	+1.32	95% CI −0.13 to +2.78	22.4%	28.1%	897

The taxonomy

Roles are multi-label: one person can be a club president and a senator's widow. Authority (public office ∪ business ∪ professional) was fixed before any outcome was computed. Civic and society-page roles were added after the corpus profile showed that women-signalled people concentrate there; without them most of those people would carry no role at all.

Role	Covers
Public office	Elected or appointed officials, diplomats, judges, police and law enforcement, candidates.
Military	Officers and enlisted personnel. Kept apart so wartime years do not swamp public office.
Business	Owners, executives, managers, merchants, bankers, brokers.
Labor	Employees and wage workers, domestic service, farm and industrial work.
Professional & expert	Medicine, science, education, law practice, clergy, journalism and authorship, named experts.
Arts & sports	Performers, artists, athletes, coaches.
Civic organisations	Officers and members of clubs, societies, churches, unions, parties and charities.
Society pages	Society-page roles: hostess, host, guest, debutante, bride, patroness.
Family (kin-identified)	Identified through a kin relation (“wife of”, “widow of”, “son of”).
Crime & accident	Victims, suspects, defendants; subjects of passive harm or arrest predicates.